Authorities in Bulgaria have confirmed that a female brown bear killed a 35-year-old man who encountered her and her cub during a weekend hike, marking the country’s first fatal bear attack in 16 years and unsettling a nation where such incidents are exceedingly rare.

Bulgaria’s interior ministry announced the findings on Monday after forensic specialists and a big game expert examined the victim’s remains and concluded a bear was responsible for the death. The body was discovered on Saturday afternoon in Vitosha Nature Park, a forested expanse that rises beyond the southern edge of Sofia and serves as a weekend refuge for the capital’s residents.

“The brown bear naturally avoids contact with humans,” police said, adding that “the risk of aggressive behavior is possible in the event of a sudden encounter, in the presence of cubs, or when the animal feels threatened.” The circumstances described by investigators — a mother, a cub and a man on foot near a chalet road — appear to have aligned all three.

Witnesses who spoke to a Bulgarian online newspaper said the victim attempted to fend off the animal with a stick, a desperate defense that proved futile against an adult brown bear acting on maternal instinct. The attack unfolded near a mountain hut, along a road that links two chalets in the northwestern reaches of the park — roughly a half-hour drive from downtown Sofia.

Patrols, Cameras and a Drone Overhead

Police will patrol the area where the body was found, authorities said in outlining a response designed to locate the bear and reassure the public. Camera traps will be deployed across the surrounding terrain. A drone will fly over the perimeter to monitor activity from the air.

The interior ministry also reminded the public of standard precautions: travel in groups when possible, make noise while moving through wooded terrain, and never leave food waste behind. Each of those measures, wildlife experts note, reduces the chance of the sudden, close-range encounter that triggers most defensive attacks.

For now, the park remains open, though the section near the attack site is under heightened surveillance. Hikers heading into Vitosha were urged to consult posted advisories before setting out, and to assume that the sow and her cub remain somewhere in the surrounding forest. Authorities have not said whether they intend to capture or kill the bear, an omission that officials in Sofia have not yet publicly addressed.

A Killing Without Recent Precedent

The last recorded killing by a bear in the country occurred in 2010, in the Rhodope Mountains far to the south. That a deadly attack happened in Vitosha — a heavily trafficked park used year-round by hikers, joggers and families — has added another layer of unease.

Brown bears in Bulgaria are more commonly observed in the country’s other mountain regions, not on Sofia’s doorstep. Officials estimate that Vitosha is home to roughly 18 to 20 bears, a relatively dense pocket of a national population believed to number between 300 and 500 animals. Precise figures are not available, a gap that wildlife managers acknowledge complicates any response.

Beyond bears, the park shelters deer, roe deer, wild boars and wolves — a mix that draws naturalists and casual visitors alike. None of that ecology made the tragedy any less shocking to a community accustomed to viewing Vitosha as benign.

A Regional Contrast With Romania

In 2024, Romania’s parliament approved the culling of almost 500 bears in an effort to control what officials described as overpopulation. The decision followed a deadly attack on a young woman that galvanized public anger.

The Bulgarian case stands in sharp contrast to the situation across the border in Romania, where bear encounters have become a near-constant feature of rural and even suburban life. Bulgaria has so far avoided that political reckoning, in part because its bear-human conflicts remain comparatively isolated. Whether the recent attack will shift that calculus is unclear. The animal in Vitosha was not behaving aberrantly by ecological standards — a sow with a cub is among the most predictable of bear threats — but the location, so close to a major European capital, has unsettled residents who treat the mountain as an extension of the city itself.

The man’s identity has not been released. His death, the first of its kind in Bulgaria in 16 years, has reopened a quieter debate about how a country with limited wildlife data manages a protected predator whose range increasingly overlaps with its own people.